Ignition Principle Of Matches
Oct 22, 2022
Matches can be divided into friction matches (also called sulfurized phosphorus matches) and safety matches, and their ignition principles are different.
The main components of friction match head are potassium chlorate and phosphorus trisulfide. The heat generated by slightly rubbing on the rough surface is enough to make these two substances react chemically and ignite.
Sulfur replaces phosphorus trisulfide in the head of safety match. The general friction heat is not enough to make the cartridge head react. Only when it is scratched on the phosphorus layer on the side of the match box, the friction heat first makes the sulfur react with potassium chlorate, giving off more heat energy, which makes the chemical substances in the cartridge head react and ignite. Its reaction process is as follows:
2KClO3+ 3S──→2KCl + 3SO2+ 1137kJ
The above chemical reaction is too violent and explosive, which is not conducive to use. In order to control the ignition speed, some fillers such as quartz powder should be added into the drug head to make the ignition of the drug head moderate and stable; In addition, potassium dichromate and pigments are added to improve moisture resistance and appearance. If starch and shellac are used to replace sulfur and some spices are added, sulfur free aromatic matches can be made. When burning, they do not produce irritating gas SO2, and can emit fragrance, making people feel comfortable.
